Speaker: Gina Cooke

Say the word “doubt” aloud. What is that “b” doing there? Does it have any purpose? Gina Cooke explains the long and winding history of “doubt” and why the spelling though it seems random is a wink to its storied past.

[Directed by David Bernal, narrated by Gina Cooke].

Uzbek Subtitles:

0:16 – 0:19

Insonlar ko’pincha “doubt” so’zining yozilishini ahmoqona deb o’ylashadi. ¶

0:19 – 0:21

Undagi “b” harfi sababli.

0:21 – 0:22

U talaffuz qilinmas ekan,

0:22 – 0:25

ko’pchilik uni nega kerak ekanligini tushuna olishmaydi.

0:25 – 0:28

Maktabda o’rganganlarimizga qaramay,

0:28 – 0:30

ingliz tili imlosida tovush unchalik ham

0:30 – 0:32

ahamiyatga ega emas.

0:32 – 0:36

So’zning ma’nosi va uning tarixi birinchi navbatda ahamiyatlidir.

0:36 – 0:38

“To doubt” so’zi “shubhalanmoq”,

0:38 – 0:39

“ikkilanmoq”,

0:39 – 0:40

“tortinmoq” deganidir.

0:40 – 0:44

Ot so’z turkumi sifatida u noaniqlik, adashish degan ma’nolarga ega.

0:44 – 0:46

Zamonaviy ingliz tilidagi “doubt” so’zi

0:46 – 0:50

lotincha “dubitare” so’zidan kelib chiqqan.

0:50 – 0:52

U boshida lotinchadan fransuz tiliga o’tgan.

0:52 – 0:56

Shunda u “b” tovushini va harfini yo’qotgan.

0:56 – 0:59

Keyinchalik XIII asrda bu so’z ingliz tiliga kirib kelgan.

0:59 – 1:01

Yuz yillarcha vaqt o’tib,

1:01 – 1:05

lotin tilini ham biladigan ingliz tilidagi yozuvchilar

1:05 – 1:09

so’zga “b” harfini qo’shishni boshlashdi.

1:09 – 1:13

Hatto uni hech kim shunday talaffuz qilmasa ham.

1:13 – 1:14

Nega bunday qilishgan?

1:14 – 1:16

Nima uchun bu so’zga

1:16 – 1:19

“gapirmaydigan” harf qo’shishgan?

1:19 – 1:21

Chunki ular lotin tilini bilishgan.

1:21 – 1:27

Ular “doubt” so’zining ildizida “b” harfi borligini bilishgan.

1:27 – 1:30

Vaqt o’tib lotin tilini biladigan insonlar kamayganida ham

1:30 – 1:33

“b” saqlab qolingan, chunki u muhim rol o’ynagan.

1:33 – 1:35

Qarindosh so’zlar bilan bog’liqlikni saqlab turgan.

1:35 – 1:38

Bular “dubious” va “indubitalbly” kabi so’zlar bo’lib,

1:38 – 1:40

ular ham lotin tilidagi “dubitare” so’zidan

1:40 – 1:44

kelib chiqqan va ingliz tiliga kiritilgan.

1:44 – 1:46

Bu tarixiy bog’liqliklarni tushunish

1:46 – 1:48

bizga nafaqat “doubt”ni talaffuz qilishni,

1:48 – 1:50

balki bu murakkab so’zlarning ma’nosini

1:50 – 1:53

anglashga yordam berdi.

1:53 – 1:55

Tarix bu bilan tugamaydi.

1:55 – 1:56

Yanada chuqurroq qarasak,

1:56 – 1:59

“b”ning qanchalar o’rinli ekanligini

1:59 – 2:03

ko’rishimiz mumkin.

2:03 – 2:06

Ingliz tilida «d-o-u-b» harflari bilan boshlanadigan

2:06 – 2:09

atigi ikkita tayanch so’z bor:

2:09 – 2:11

bittasi — “doubt”,

2:11 – 2:13

ikkinchisi — “double”.

2:13 – 2:14

Bu so’zlar orqali biz ko’plab so’zlar

2:14 – 2:16

yaratishimiz mumkin:

2:16 – 2:17

“doubtful”,

2:17 – 2:18

“doubtless”,

2:18 – 2:20

yoki “doublet”,

2:20 – 2:21

“redouble”,

2:21 – 2:22

“doubloon” kabi.

2:22 – 2:25

Aslida agar biz ularning tarixiga qarasak,

2:25 – 2:27

bu ikkala so’z ham lotinchada

2:27 – 2:29

bir xil o’zakdan kelib chiqqan.

2:29 – 2:31

“Double” so’zining ma’nosi,

2:31 – 2:32

ikki,

2:32 – 2:36

“doubt” so’zining tubida yotadi.

2:36 – 2:37

Biz shubhalanganimizda,

2:37 – 2:39

ikkilanganimizda,

2:39 – 2:41

biz o’zimizga bashorat qilamiz.

2:41 – 2:44

Bizda nimadandir shubha bo’lsa,

2:44 – 2:46

bizda savollar ko’p bo’lganida yoki adashganimizda

2:46 – 2:49

biz qat’iyatsiz bo’lamiz.

2:49 – 2:52

Tarixan,

ingliz tili fransuz tilidan

2:52 – 2:53

so’zlar kirita boshlaganida,

2:53 – 2:56

shubha degan so’z allaqachon mavjud bo’lgan.

2:56 – 2:59

U eski inglizcha so’z “tweogan” edi.

2:59 – 3:02

Yozilishidan ko’rinib turganidek, bu so’z

3:02 – 3:05

“two” bilan bog’liq.

3:05 – 3:07

Keyingi safar nega ingliz tili

3:07 – 3:09

imlosi bunday ishlashi haqida o’ylanib qolganingizda,

3:09 – 3:11

ikki marta qarang.

3:11 – 3:16

Ikkinchi marta qaraganda ko’rganingiz sizga to’g’ri xulosa qilishingiz uchun yordam beradi.