Why is ‘x’ the unknown?

August 7, 2019

Speaker: Terry Moore

Why is ‘x’ the symbol for an unknown? In this short and funny talk, Terry Moore gives the surprising answer.

Source:
https://ted.com/

(tarjima vaqtiga videodagi TED logotipli kirish qismi hisobga olinmagan)

Uzbek Subtitles:

0:01 – 0:04

Menda hammamizni o’ylantiradigan savolga javob bor. ¶

0:04 – 0:05

Savol shunday,

0:05 – 0:08

nega X harfi

0:08 – 0:10

noaniqlikni anglatadi?

0:10 – 0:13

Bilaman, biz uni matematika darslarida o’rganganmiz,

0:13 – 0:14

lekin hozir u hamma joyda uchraydi —

0:14 – 0:17

X mukofoti, X-Files,

0:17 – 0:21

Loyiha X, TEDx.

0:21 – 0:23

Bular qayerdan paydo bo’lgan?

0:23 – 0:24

Olti yilcha oldin ¶

0:24 – 0:27

men arab tilini o’rganishga qaror qildim.

0:27 – 0:31

Juda mantiqiy til bo’lib chiqdi.

0:31 – 0:33

Arab tilida so’z, ibora yoki

0:33 – 0:35

gap yozish bu xuddi

0:35 – 0:37

formula tuzgandek,

0:37 – 0:40

chunki har bir qismi juda aniq

0:40 – 0:42

va ko’p ma’lumotga ega.

0:42 – 0:44

Bu biz g’arb ilm-fani deb

0:44 – 0:45

biladigan ko’pchilik bilimlar,

0:45 – 0:49

matematika va injeneriya deb ataydiganimiz

0:49 – 0:52

aslida eramizning dastlabki asrlarida forslar, arablar va turklar

0:52 – 0:56

tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan.

0:56 – 0:58

Bu arab tilida bir katta bo’lmagan sistemani, ¶

0:58 – 1:00

“al-jabr”ni o’z ichiga oladi.

1:00 – 1:03

Uni shunday tarjima qilish mumkin:

1:03 – 1:07

“ajratish qismlarini tasdiqlash tizimi”.

1:07 – 1:11

“Al-jabr” bizning tilimizga algebra ko’rinishida kirib keldi.

1:11 – 1:13

Bu ko’pchilik misollardan biri.

1:13 – 1:17

Ushbu matematik donolini o’z ichiga oladigan arab matnlari ¶

1:17 – 1:19

nihoyat Yevropa kirib kelgan —

1:19 – 1:20

aniqrog’i Ispaniyaga —

1:20 – 1:22

XI va XII asrlarda.

1:22 – 1:23

Kirib kelganida,

1:23 – 1:25

juda katta qiziqish bilan

1:25 – 1:27

bu bilimlarni Yevropa tillariga

1:27 – 1:29

tarjima qilish boshlangan.

1:29 – 1:31

Lekin bu ko’p muammo tug’dirgan. ¶

1:31 – 1:32

Shulardan bittasi

1:32 – 1:35

arab tilida yevropaliklar uchun o’rganmasdan turib

1:35 – 1:38

talaffuz qilishda qiyinchilik tug’diradigan

1:38 – 1:40

tovushlarning mavjudligi edi.

1:40 – 1:42

Ishoning.

1:42 – 1:44

Bundan tashqari, nu tovushlar

1:44 – 1:46

yevropa tillarida mavjud bo’lmagan

1:46 – 1:50

turli belgilarda berilgan edi.

1:50 – 1:52

“Aybdor”lardan biri — ¶

1:52 – 1:54

‘sheen’ harfi,

1:54 – 1:57

biz uchun ‘sh’ bo’lib eshitiladigan.

1:57 – 2:00

U shuningdek ‘shayun’ so’zidagi

2:00 – 2:02

birinchi harfdir.

2:02 – 2:04

Bu so’z “nimadir” degan ma’noni,

2:04 – 2:06

xuddi biz tushunadigan so’zni,

2:06 – 2:09

qandaydir aniq bo’lmagan narsani anglatadi.

2:09 – 2:10

Arab tilida ¶

2:10 – 2:11

uni aniq qilish mumkin,

2:11 – 2:14

‘al’ artiklini qo’shish orqali.

2:14 – 2:16

Bu bilan ‘al-shayun’ —

2:16 – 2:18

“bu noaniq narsa”.

2:18 – 2:21

Bu so’z XX asrda, ildizni hisoblash kabi

2:21 – 2:28

dastlabki matematik hisoblashlarda uchraydi.

2:28 – 2:31

O’rta asrlarda bu materialni tarjima qilayotgan ¶

2:31 – 2:33

ispan olimlarining muammosi shunda ediki,

2:33 – 2:38

sheen harfi va shayun so’zini ispan tilida

2:38 – 2:40

keltirib bo’lmas edi,

2:40 – 2:42

chunki ispan tilida ‘sh’ tovushi ham,

2:42 – 2:44

‘sh’ harfi ham yo’q edi.

2:44 – 2:45

Shuning uchun ular,

2:45 – 2:47

bsohqacha yechim o’ylab topishdi,

2:47 – 2:51

qadimgi yunon tilidan “kai” ko’rinishidagi

2:51 – 2:53

“k” tovushini olishga

2:53 – 2:56

qaror qilishdi.

2:56 – 2:58

Keyinchalik, bu material umumyevropa tiliga, ¶

2:58 – 3:01

aynan lotin tiliga tarjima qilingach —

3:01 – 3:03

ular yunon tilidagi ‘kai’ harfini

3:03 – 3:05

oddiygina qilib lotin tilidagi

3:05 – 3:07

X harfiga almashtirishdi.

3:07 – 3:08

Aynan shundan keyin

3:08 – 3:11

bu materialni lotin tilida chiqara boshlashdi,

3:11 – 3:14

va bu matematika darsliklarining asosiga aylandi,

3:14 – 3:17

keyingi 600 yil davomida.

3:17 – 3:19

Endi biz savolimizga javob oldik. ¶

3:19 – 3:21

Nega X — bu noaniqlik?

3:21 – 3:23

X — noaniqlik ekanligini sababi shuki,

3:23 – 3:27

ispan tilida “sh” tovushi mavjud emas.

3:27 – 3:29

(Kulgu)

3:29 – 3:32

Va men buni sizlarga ulashishga qaror qildim.

3:32 – 3:35

(Qarsaklar)

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